Why Varanasi Earns the Nickname ‘Rome of India’

When travelers hear the nickname Rome of India, the city that most often fits the bill is Varanasi, a millennia‑old spiritual hub on the banks of the Ganges River. This guide explains why Varanasi bears that title, what makes it unique, and how you can experience its timeless charm without the usual tourist hiccups.

Historical Roots: From Ancient Port to Spiritual Metropolis

Varanasi’s recorded history stretches back over 3,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on Earth. Archaeological layers reveal settlements from the Indus Valley era, while ancient scriptures like the RigVeda mention a sacred river that scholars identify as the Ganges River. The city’s early role as a trade port attracted merchants, scholars, and mystics, weaving a cultural tapestry that mirrors Rome’s evolution from a modest settlement to a global empire.

Religious Parallel: The ‘Eternal City’ of Hinduism

Just as Rome is the heart of Catholicism, Varanasi sits at the core of Hindu spirituality. The Kashi Vishwanath Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, draws millions of devotees each year. Pilgrims believe that a cremation on the ghats grants moksha-liberation from the cycle of rebirth-much like the Vatican’s role in granting absolution to Catholics. The city’s myriad temples, shrines, and ashrams create a spiritual density that earns the “Rome of India” moniker.

Architectural Echoes: Layers of Time in Stone and Water

The city’s layout resembles Rome’s concentric layers of history. Old city lanes narrow like the alleys of Trastevere, while grand boulevards such as Assi Ghat, the longest and most vibrant riverside step serve as living museums of architecture-from 12th‑century Buddhist stupas to colonial British mansions. UNESCO’s 2019 inscription of Varanasi as a World Heritage City underscores its global cultural significance, echoing Rome’s status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Cultural Vibrancy: Art, Music, and Silk

Music spills from every doorway, with classical maestros performing Hindustani ragas on the banks of the Ganges. The city’s famed Banarasi silk industry produces fabrics as intricate as the brocades of Rome’s Renaissance courts. Local artisans craft bronze statues, intricate wood carvings, and hand‑painted gourds, offering visitors a kaleidoscope of sensory experiences.

Education and Scholarship: A Modern ‘University City’

Education has always been a pillar of Varanasi’s identity. The Banaras Hindu University (BHU), founded in 1916, ranks among India’s top research institutions. Its sprawling campus, with Mughal‑style columns and banyan‑shaded courtyards, mirrors the historic university districts of Rome, where scholars have gathered for centuries.

Practical Guide: When, How, and What to See

Best time to visit: October to March offers cool evenings and clear skies-ideal for sunrise boat rides. Getting there: The nearest airport is Varanasi’s Lal Bahadur Shastri International (VNS), connected to major Indian metros. Trains from Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai arrive at the bustling Varanasi Junction. Top attractions include:

• Sunrise boat cruise on the Ganges - watch pilgrims performing rituals at Manikarnika Ghat, the most active cremation site.
• Visit Sarnath, where Buddha delivered his first sermon-a spiritual counterpart to Rome’s St.Peter’s Basilica.
• Explore the narrow lanes of the old city, sampling street food like kachori‑sabzi and jalebi.
• Shop for authentic Banarasi silk at the bustling Chandni Chowk market.

Travelers should wear modest clothing when visiting temples, carry a small bottle of hand sanitizer, and be prepared for crowds-especially during festivals like Diwali and Mahashivratri.

Comparison: Varanasi vs. Rome

Tips to Avoid Common Pitfalls

1. Beware of scams: Unlicensed boat operators may overcharge. Book rides through reputable hotels or the official tourism desk.
2. Dress modestly: Bare shoulders and short shorts can be frowned upon at temples.
3. Stay hydrated: Even in cooler months, the climate can be dry. Carry a reusable water bottle.
4. Plan for crowds: Major festivals draw massive crowds. Arrive early to secure a spot at popular ghats.
5. Respect rituals: Do not photograph cremation rites without permission.

Beyond Varanasi: Other ‘Indian Romes’ to Explore

If the “Rome of India” label intrigues you, consider these related destinations that echo Rome’s blend of history and spirituality:

• Amritsar: Home to the Golden Temple, the Sikh world’s sacred heart.
• Madurai: Known as the “Athens of the South,” with the towering Meenakshi Amman Temple.
• Haridwar: Another major Ganges pilgrimage hub, often called the “Gateway to the Gods.”